Хипотези за пораждането на речта

7. IhjZ`^Zg_ (]_g_jbjZg_; speech generation; speech production) gZ�j_qlZ.
7.1. Obihl_ab�aZ�ihjZ`^Zg_lh�gZ�j_qlZ.
7.1.1. L_hjby�gZ�QZjea�Hk]m^�aZ�jZ\gbsZlZ�gZ�j_qlZ�b�_abdZ.
7.1.2. LjZgknhjfZpbhggh�]_g_jZlb\gZlZ�]jZfZlbdZ�dZlh�fh^_e�aZ�ihjZ`^Zg_lh�gZ
j_qlZ.
7.1.3. Fh^_e "L�H�L�?" aZ�ihjZ`^Zg_lh�gZ�j_qlZ.
7.1.4. Fh^_e�gZ�<bdlhjby�Njhfdbg�aZ�ihjZ`^Zg_lh�gZ�j_qlZ.
7.1.5. Fh^_e�gZ�<beb�E_\_el�aZ�ihjZ`^Zg_lh�gZ�j_qlZ.
7.1.6. Fh^_e�gZ�E_\�<b]hlkdbc�aZ "\tlj_rgZlZ" j_q�dZlh�hihkj_^kl\ZsZ
�f_`^bggZ) nZaZ�\�ihjZ`^Zg_lh�gZ�j_qlZ.
7.1.7. Fh^_e�gZ�:e_dkZg^tj�Emjby�aZ�ihjZ`^Zg_lh�gZ�j_qlZ.
7.2. ?abdh\bl_�]j_rdb�dZlh�gZqbg�aZ�bamqZ\Zg_�gZ�nmgdpbhgbjZg_lh�gZ�j_qlZ�\
dZq_kl\hlh�bf�gZ�ke_^kl\b_, ijbqbg_gh�hl�j_q_\bl_�ijhp_kb.
***************************************************
7. IhjZ`^Zg_ (]_g_jbjZg_) gZ�j_qlZ.
IhjZ`^Zg_lh�gZ�j_qlZ�_dh^bjZg_lh�gZ�kfbkte (l�_. gZ�fbkte) \�gydZdt\�_abdh\
dh^ (l�_. _abd); "ihklZ\yg_lh" gZ�kfbkte�\�_abdh\�njZ]f_gl (^mfZ; baj_q_gb_; l_dkl).
<�ikboheh]bylZ, \�lh\Z�qbkeh�b�\�ikbohebg]\bklbdZlZ, gyfZ�h[shijb_lZ�b^_y�aZ
ikbobqgbl_�f_oZgbafb, dhblh�ij_^klZ\ey\Zl�dh^bjZg_lh�gZ�fbktelZ�\�_abd.
HibkZgb_lh�gZ�ihjZ`^Zg_lh�gZ�j_qlZ�_�fgh`_kl\hlh�hl�obihl_abl_ (l�_.
ij_^iheh`_gbylZ), gZijZ\_gb�hl�jZaebqgb�bake_^h\Zl_eb�\�jZaebqgb�_lZib�hl
_\hexpbylZ�gZ�ikbohebg]\bklbdZlZ. Ih�^hem�_�hibkZgb_lh�gZ�gZc�ba\_klgbl_�hl�l_ab
obihl_ab.
7.1. Obihl_ab�aZ�ihjZ`^Zg_lh�gZ�j_qlZ (speech generation,
speech production).
Bklhjbq_kdb�itj\bl_�fh^_eb�gZ�ihjZ`^Zg_lh�gZ�j_qlZ�[beb "ihke_^h\Zl_egb":
ij_^iheZ]Zeh�k_�_, q_�ihjZ`^Zg_lh�gZ�j_qlZ�g_�_�_^bg (_^bgbq_g) ijhp_k, Z�^te]Z
ihj_^bpZ�hl�ihke_^h\Zl_egb�ijhp_kb, \k_db�ke_^\Zs�hl�dhblh�aZihq\Z�ke_^
aZ\tjr\Zg_lh�gZ�ij_^r_kl\Zsby. Klj_f_`tl�gZ�bake_^h\Zl_ebl_�[be�^Z�k_�bamqb�b
hibr_�ihke_^h\Zl_eghkllZ�gZ�l_ab�ijhp_kb. Ij_a�itj\bl_ 20 ]h^bgb�hl
kts_kl\m\Zg_lh�gZ�ikbohebg]\bklbdZlZ�\kbqdb�h[ykgbl_egb�fh^_eb�aZ�ihjZ`^Zg_lh
gZ�j_qlZ�[beb "ihke_^h\Zl_egb".
Ke_^�_\hexpbylZ�gZ�bgnhjfZlbdZlZ�ij_a 60-l_�b 70-l_�]h^bgb�b
hkts_kl\y\Zg_lh�gZ�b^_ylZ�aZ�k\tja\Zg_�gZ�dhfixljbl_�\�dhfixltjgb�fj_`b,
ij_kfylZgbylZ�ih�gZc�keh`gbl_�aZ^Zqb�aZihqgZeb�^Z�k_�ijZ\yl�_^gh\j_f_ggh�hl
fgh`_kl\h�dhfixljb, k\tjaZgb�\�fj_`Z. DZlh�ke_^kl\b_�hl�lhab�mki_o�gZ
bgnhjfZpbhggbl_�l_ogheh]bb, \�ikbohebg]\bklbdZlZ�k_�ihy\y\Zl "fj_`h\b"
h[ykgbl_egb�fh^_eb�aZ�ihjZ`^Zg_lh�gZ�j_qlZ, ij_^iheZ]Zsb�q_�lh\Z�_�fgh`_kl\h�hl

2
ijhp_kb, gh�kt\k_f�g_�aZ^te`bl_egh�ijhlbqZl�_^bg�ke_^�^jm] (l�_. ihke_^h\Zl_egh), Z
ih�kdhjh�ijhlbqZsb�_^gh\j_f_ggh ("iZjZe_egh") gZ�gydhedh�jZ\gbsZ, ih�ZgZeh]by�k
_^gh\j_f_ggbl_�ij_kfylZgby�gZ�_^gZ�aZ^ZqZ�hl�fgh`_kl\h�k\tjaZgb�\�fj_`Z
dhfixljb.
7.1.1. L_hjby�gZ�QZjea�Hk]m^�aZ�jZ\gbsZlZ�gZ�j_qlZ�b�_abdZ
Lh\Z�_�bklhjbq_kdb�itj\ZlZ�ikbohebg]\bklbqgZ�l_hjby�aZ�ihjZ`^Zg_lh�gZ�j_qlZ,
jZajZ[hl_gZ�kZfhklhyl_egh�hl�QZjea�Hk]m^, b�ij_^klZ\_gZ�dtf�fhf_glZ�gZ�ihy\ZlZ�gZ
ikbohebg]\bklbdZlZ�ij_a 1953 ]., Z�gZ�ke_^\ZsZlZ�]h^bgZ�ijbktkl\Z�\�itj\ZlZ�dgb]Z
ih�ikbohebg]\bklbdZ "Ikbohebg]\bklbdZ: l_hjby�b�aZ^Zqb" (Psycholinguistics. A survey
of theory and research problems. Ed. by Ch.Osgood and T.Sebeok. Baltimore, 1954). Ih
lh\Z�\j_f_�^mfbl_ "j_q" b "_abd" \k_�hs_�kZ�k_�baihea\Zeb�dZlh�kbghgbfb (fgh]h
ikbohebg]\bklb�ijZ\yl�lh\Z�b�^h�^g_k), ihjZ^b�dh_lh�Hk]m^�ihk\_lbe�k\hy�fh^_e�gZ
�jZ\gbsZlZ�gZ�_abdZ", fZdZj�q_�\ktsghkl�lhc�hibkZe�ihjZ`^Zg_lh�b�\taijb_fZg_lh�gZ
j_qlZ.
Kihj_^�fh^_eZ�gZ�Hk]m^�ihjZ`^Zg_lh ("]_g_jbjZg_lh") gZ�j_qlZ�ij_fbgZ\Z
ihke_^h\Zl_egh�ij_a�q_lbjb�jZ\gbsZ:
1. Fhlb\Zpbhggh�jZ\gbs_ (motivational level). ?^bgbqgbl_�_e_f_glb�gZ�lh\Z
jZ\gbs_�gZ�j_qlZ�kZ�badZa\ZgbylZ�\�lyoghlh�rbjhdh (g_�]jZfZlbq_kdh) jZa[bjZg_.
Lhab�_lZi�hl�ihjZ`^Zg_lh�gZ�j_qlZ�ij_^r_kl\Z�mihlj_[ZlZ�gZ�_abdZ: qh\_dtl, gZ
dh]hlhij_^klhb�^Z�]h\hjb, \a_fZ�h[sb�j_r_gby�aZ�ij_^klhysZlZ�dhfmgbdZpby,
lZdb\Z�dZlh:
Z) ^Z�]h\hjb�beb�^Z�g_�]h\hjb;
[) Zdh�j_rb�^Z�]h\hjb, \�dZd\Z�nhjfZ�^Z�[t^_�badZa\Zg_lh: l\tj^_gb_,
\tijhk, beb�ij_^eh`_gb_;
\) Zdh�_�\a_lh�j_r_gb_�dZd\Z�^Z�[t^_�nhjfZlZ, k�dZd\b�]jZfZlbqgb
kj_^kl\Z�ly�^Z�[t^_�hkts_kl\_gZ, gZijbf_j�^Zeb�^Z�k_�ba[_j_�Zdlb\gZ�beb�iZkb\gZ
]jZfZlbqgZ�nhjfZ�gZ�baj_q_gbylZ;
]) dhy�qZkl�hl�badZa\Zg_lh�^Z�[t^_�ih^q_jlZgZ�dZlh�g_]h\h�eh]bq_kdh
m^Zj_gb_, b�\t\�\jtadZ�k�lh\Z�dZdt\�bglhgZpbhg_g�fh^_e�^Z�k_�ba[_j_.
2. K_fZglbqgh�jZ\gbs_ (semantic level). GZ�ke_^\Zshlh�k_fZglbqgh (l�_.
kfbkeh\h) jZ\gbs_�hl�ihjZ`^Zg_lh�gZ�j_qlZ�]h\hj_sbyl�hij_^_ey�fZdjhkljmdlmjZlZ
gZ�baj_q_gb_lh: fyklhlh�\�baj_q_gb_lh�gZ�dhgdj_lgb�ihke_^h\Zl_eghklb�hl�^mfb
�gZjbqZgb�\�Zf_jbdZgkdZlZ�ebg]\bklbdZ "nmgdpbhgZegb�deZkh\_").
>mfbl_�kt\k_f�g_�kZ�_^bgkl\_gbl_�_e_f_glb�gZ�baj_q_gbylZ. >mfbl_�kZ
h[_^bg_gb�\�ih�]he_fb�kt\dmighklb, gZjbqZgb "nmgdpbhgZegh�k_fZglbqgb�deZkh\_",
dhblh�ktsh�kZ�_e_f_glb�gZ�baj_q_gbylZ. <kydh�baj_q_gb_�fh`_�^Z�[t^_�jZa^_e_gh�gZ
hl^_egb�_^bgbpb�aZ�dh^bjZg_, dhblh�h[Zq_�g_�kZ�^mfbl_, Z�kZ�nmgdpbhgZegh-

3
k_fZglbqgb�deZkh\_, ihjZ^b�dh_lh�l_�kZ�_^bgbqgbl_�dhfihg_glb�gZ�k_fZglbqghlh
jZ\gbs_�gZ�ihjZ`^Zg_�gZ�j_qlZ.
GZijbf_j, ij_^klZ\ZlZ (h[jZatl) aZ�feZ^�qh\_d�k�jZgbpZ�gZ�]tj[Z�_�_^gZ�_^bgbpZ
hl�k_fZglbqghlh�jZ\gbs_�gZ�ihjZ`^Zg_�gZ�j_qlZ. LZab�_^bgbpZ�fh`_�^Z�[t^_
aZiteg_gZ�qj_a�jZaebqgb�^mfb, gh�lZdZ�beb�bgZq_�kb�hklZ\Z�ktsZlZ�_^gZ�_^bgbpZ
�nmgdpbhgZe_g�deZk".
Baj_q_gb_lh "LZeZgleb\byl�om^h`gbd�jbkm\Z�bgl_j_kgZ�dZjlbgZ" _�ktklZ\_gh�hl
ljb�nmgdpbhgZegh�k_fZglbqgb�deZkZ (l�_. hl�ljb�_^bgbpb�hl�k_fZglbqghlh�jZ\gbs_),
\tij_db�q_�^mfbl_�\�lh\Z�baj_q_gb_�kZ�i_l. L_ab�_^bgbpb�kZ: "lZeZgleb\�om^h`gbd",
�jbkm\Z" b "bgl_j_kgZ�dZjlbgZ". <�ikbohebg]\bklbdZlZ�l_ab�k_fZglbqgb�_^bgbpb�k_
gZjbqZl�ihgydh]Z�hs_ "njZab" b "kbglZ]fb".
3. JZ\gbs_�gZ�ihke_^h\Zl_eghklbl_ (sequentional level). ?^bgbqgbl_
_e_f_glb�gZ�jZ\gbs_lh�gZ�ihke_^h\Zl_eghklbl_�kZ�hl^_egbl_�^mfb, gh�g_�dZlh
k_fZglbqgb�_^bgbpb (l�_. g_�l_ogbyl�kfbkte), Z�l_ogbyl�nhg_lbq_g (beb�]jZnbq_g)
h[jZa. GZ�lh\Z�jZ\gbs_�k_�hkts_kl\y\Z�dh^bjZg_lh (b�^_dh^bjZg_lh) gZ�agZq_gbylZ�\
^mfb�b�gZ�^mfbl_�\�agZq_gby, qj_a�ke_^gbl_�ijhp_kb (f_oZgbafb):
Z) jZaihagZ\Zg_�gZ�a\mdh\bl_�ihke_^h\Zl_eghklb (backward-working
skill modification);
[) hij_^_eyg_ (ij_kfylZg_) ^te`bgZlZ�gZ�hljyatpbl_ (dhfihg_glbl_)
(length of junctures) ih�lZdt\�gZqbg, q_�bgl_j\Zebl_�f_`^m�^mfbl_�^Z�kZ�ih-
ijh^te`bl_egb, hldhedhlh�bgl_j\Zebl_�\tlj_�\�^mfbl_, l�_. ih�ijh^te`bl_egb�hl
bgl_j\Zebl_�f_`^m�hl^_egbl_�fhjn_fb�\�_^gZ�^mfZ;
\) f_oZgbafb�gZ�]jZfZlbqgbl_�ihke_^h\Zl_eghklb (grammatical sequencing
mechanisms), dhblh�mijZ\ey\Zl "]he_fbl_�k_]f_glb" hl�badZa\ZgbylZ.
4. Bgl_]jZpbhggh�jZ\gbs_ (integrational level). ?^bgbqgbl_�_e_f_glb�gZ�lh\Z
jZ\gbs_�kZ�kjbqdbl_, qj_a�bgl_]jZpbylZ�gZ�dhblh�k_�d